Joss Research Institute Web Report #15, part B: Toward an Affordable DIY Dye Laser, Revamp for Better Efficiency
TJIIRRS, Report Number 15B:
Toward a Straightforward DIY Flashlamp-Pumped Organic Dye Laser
Step 2: Improvements
(January 5, 2010, ff)
This page details some things I am trying in an effort to enhance the performance of the laser that I described on the previous page.
!! CAUTION !!
This laser uses high voltages, and capacitors that can store lethal amounts of energy. It puts out a laser beam that can damage your eyes and skin, and it uses organic dyes, some of which are known to be quite toxic. It also uses flammable organic solvents.
It is important to take adequate safety precautions and use appropriate safety equipment with any laser; but it is crucially important with lasers that involve high voltages and present a health and/or fire hazard!
1: Overview and Review of Simmering Results
(11 January, 2010)
Harald Noack, of Graz University of Technology, suggested that I try simmering and pre-pulsing the flashlamp. He cited an article in which the authors obtained 20% improvement in lamp performance just by simmering, and obtained further improvements in laser performance (particularly with blue dyes) and lamp lifetime by prepulsing the lamp.
Simmering involves passing a DC current through the lamp. With
The Joss [Research] Institute Interim Research Report Series: Web Report #1
TJIIRRS: First Web-based Report (#001)
Putting these reports on the Web should facilitate distribution, and will make it unnecessary for me to send out overly long email messages. It also provides an automatic archive.
Essentially Entirely Ceramics this time,
Early Spring, 2005
Just before the NCECA conference this year, I was privileged to take a workshop with Ruthanne Tudball, who came in from England. Her work is entirely different from mine, and it was a real trip to watch her and talk with her.
Ruthanne spent most of her first eight years as a potter self-taught, in a tiny basement workshop that barely had room for a wedging table and a wheel, so she was unable to fire her work. She’d make something, and put it into the scrap bucket so she could recover and reuse the clay. She couldn’t afford to get attached to any of her pieces. I find the whole business kinda staggering.
NCECA itself took place in Baltimore, in March. As always, it was very good. I got to talk with some extremely knowledgeable people, and picked up good information on several subjects. I also donated pieces to two of the benefit auctions, and participated in
Joss Research Institute Web Report #3
TJIIRRS: Number 3 of an Ongoing Series
(First, a brief note: there is apparently an article on Yohen Tenmoku in a newish Japanese pottery magazine, which covers the work of no fewer than ten artists. I am trying to get my hands on a copy.)
[Note, added in proof, late 2008: I have a copy, and a Japanese friend is trying to translate the article for me.]
The Molectron Laser
11 & 12 May, 2005
Some time ago, we acquired a smallish Molectron nitrogen laser on eBay. It languished for a while, sitting on a “lasers we haven’t gotten to yet” shelf, but a couple days ago I made some space on the bench and set it there.
There was something rattling around loose in it, and I had to open it up anyway, to get a sense of the guts; the loose object proved to be a broken cable tie, which I removed.
Here’s the control panel of the device. Sorry about the lighting I left the camera’s white balance set to “cloudy” through most of this, to get the best color rendition of the output.
You’ll notice that the pressure is just over 30 Torr. That’s about
Joss Research Institute Web Report #4
TJIIRRS: Number 4 of an Ongoing Series;
Recent Results, Rutile Blue and a Glaze Test
(22 May, 2005)
First, however, a small note: I have been thinking about bringing up one of our old pulsed YAG heads, using an etalon to narrow the bandwidth for reasonable coherence length, Q-switching it for reasonably brief duration, and jamming the output through a doubling crystal so I can do some pulsed holography. The Q-switch will probably have to be passive; I wonder about coffee (which can apparently Q-switch ruby, according to one story I’ve heard from before my time with lasers) or perhaps a thin slice of brown beer-bottle glass… have to do some testing, I guess, to see whether either of those has any potential for use as a saturable absorber at 1064 nm.
Here are two pieces I fired to about Δ 10 today in moderate reduction:
Both of them are glazed with Joss Research “New Blue”. The little bowl warped pretty severely, but the colors are really sweet, and it’s kinda cute despite the warpage, or perhaps partly because of it. The platter is a bit heavy, but them’s the breaks; it
Joss Research Institute Web Report #5A, Part 1
TJIIRRS: Number 5A, Part 1, of an Ongoing Series;
“Theorie und Praxis”
(07 June, 2005, et seq.)
Having developed (we hope) some understanding of the characteristics of high-performance nitrogen lasers, I am now honor-bound to put these principles into practice, to find out how well I actually understand the issues involved. Here, I have lucked out a bit: I’ve been permitted to take down a commercial TEA CO2 laser, the head from which is, or at least should be, a very nice testbed for some of what I’ve described on the previous page.
This head uses a discharge channel roughly an inch and a half across, probably an inch high, and 24 inches long. That’s not quite as big as I’d really like (I’d prefer about 30 inch active length), but it’s certainly large enough for some “proof of principle” testing. This laser is preionized by pin discharges that charge the “peakers”. The main storage capacitor was 130 nf; that’s larger than I’m looking for, so I’m not going to use it. The peakers were (see below) 25 x 470 nf doorknobs, totalling 11.5 nf, a bit less than 10% of the size of the main store, probably
Joss Research Institute Web Report #5A, Part 2
TJIIRRS: Number 5A, Part 2, of an Ongoing Series;
“Theorie und Praxis II”:
Back Two Steps and Forward One
(A Few Days Later…)
(22 June, 2005)
Having spent the weekend at a conference on European Cooking from Rome to the Renaissance, I return to these issues refreshed and burping contentedly. (Actually, there was very little I could eat; but it all smelled nice, and I learned quite a bit.)
A long time ago, Doug (founder of the Joss Research Institute) handed me what looked like an excimer laser head, made of two pressed brass electrodes, with pairs of doorknobs down the sides. It was pin-gap preionized, but oddly: the electrode profiles are very tall, and the pingaps were between the doorknobs of a pair. (I’ve already taken it apart, and I’m not finding the picture I thought I had, but perhaps I can take some photos of the parts. If so, I’ll post them here.)
(If you want the full pixels for the first one, drop the “u” from the number in addition to changing “8c” to “22c” in the filename, but be prepared for blurriness. For some » Read the rest
Joss Research Institute Web Report #5B [New Series]
TJIIRRS: Number 5B [New] of an Ongoing Series;
“Theorie und Praxis III”,
Parallel Lines:
Scaling Up the Schenck and Metcalf Laser
Part 1
(27 October, 2005, ff)
This page details the construction of a nitrogen laser that is a follow-on to a design published by Peter Schenck and Harold Metcalf in Applied Optics in 1973. Their laser used a set of “doorknob” capacitors for its peakers (which were, unfortunately, referred to in their article and a few other articles as dumpers), and had electrodes about 1 meter long. It developed up to about 160 kW peak power at 15 kV. The design was easy to build, and provided very reasonable performance.
In view of current information, it should be fairly straightforward to scale their original design up by a factor of 2 to 4 in output power without sacrificing ease of construction and operation; this page is about my effort to do so. It is a developmental page, so you can expect lots of false starts and failures along the way. If and when I have the laser up and running the way I want it to, I will create a new page, just as I did for my
Joss Research Institute Web Report #5B [New Series], Second Part
TJIIRRS: Number 5B2 [New] of an Ongoing Series;
“Theorie und Praxis III”, Parallel Lines, Part 2B:
A Nitrogen Laser that Uses Doorknob Capacitors and Can Easily Be Adapted to
Either Charge-Transfer or Voltage-Doubler Circuit Topology
Statement of Purpose
(added 24 January, 2009)
Just about anyone who really wants to build a nitrogen laser of one sort or another can do so: it isn’t hard. Building a high-performance nitrogen laser, however, is a different story. (For the purposes of this discussion, I will establish arbitrary criteria for low-pressure nitrogen lasers, as follows: a low-performance nitrogen laser works, but cannot provide more than, say, 100 kW peak power. A mid-performance nitrogen laser puts out more than 100 kW but less than, say, 0.5 MW, or has poor pulse-to-pulse uniformity and cannot be depended on to put out at least 0.5 MW every time or nearly every time it is fired. A high-performance nitrogen laser routinely puts out well over half a megawatt.)
Please note that these criteria are for low-pressure nitrogen lasers. It is a relatively straightforward task to build a room-pressure nitrogen laser that puts out peak power in excess of 1 million watts, but such a laser need produce only
Joss Research Institute Web Report #5B [New Series], Third Part
TJIIRRS: Number 5B3 [New] of an Ongoing Series;
“Theorie und Praxis III”, Parallel Lines, Part 2C:
A Nitrogen Laser that Uses Doorknob Capacitors and Can Easily Be Adapted to
Either Charge-Transfer or Voltage-Doubler Circuit Topology
Rebuild: Steel Rails and 2-nf Peaker capacitors
(21 March, 2009, ff.)
It became clear that the previous version of this head, while it was a good proof of principle, was not sufficiently robust to withstand repeated pulsing at 35 or 36 kV. The aluminum-extrusion electrodes suffered damage when sparks began to occur in the middle of the head, and the damage spots encouraged spark formation; operation rapidly degraded to an unsatisfactory level. I decided to rebuild the head with 1/8″-thick steel angle irons, which are much more robust and durable, but it seems like a good idea to test it with 2-nf capacitors before tearing it down, to see whether they provide any particular advantage either by providing a better match to the capacitance of the main store (which is 89 nf), or simply by holding more energy. If they help at all (and I expect that they will), I will use them in the rebuild. If not, I will stay with 20X 900-pf
Joss Research Institute Web Report #5C [New Series], Part 2, DKPLUS Revamp
TJIIRRS: Number 5C [New] of an Ongoing Series;
“Theorie und Praxis IIA”:
Revamping the “DKDIY” Laser,
Part 2: Rebuilding the Head for Better Performance
(September, 2009, ff)
This page details the construction of an improved (I hope!) head for the nitrogen laser that is initially described on the previous page.
I need a nitrogen laser for a project or two. I have removed the head from my most recent design in order to rebuild it; but that is a lengthy and complex project, so I decided to put this laser back on line first. When I tested the head, however, I discovered that it leaked considerably more than I wanted. In the process of trying to find and fix the leaks, I found that some of them were easily localized, but some were distributed along the sidewalls. After a bit of thought and some grumbling (after all, I started on this because I thought it would let me accomplish a project or two without having to do any major rebuilding) I decided to construct a new head, using plastic walls instead of wooden ones. (I also intend to rebuild the wooden head, because I still think it’s a great » Read the rest




